The Heavenly Oath and the Historical Backdrop
The surah opens with a striking oath:“By the heaven containing great stars,
And [by] the promised Day,
And [by] the witness and what is witnessed.” (Qur'an 85:1-3)
The oath to the heavens and the celestial bodies serves to elevate the reader’s awareness of the grandeur of creation and the Creator. The mention of “the promised Day” immediately calls attention to the Day of Judgment, a day of reckoning for both the righteous and the wrongdoers.
The historical context of Surah Al-Buruj is linked to the story of the “People of the Ditch” (Ashab al-Ukhdud). These were believers who were tortured and burned alive for their unwavering faith in Allah. Their story is a timeless example of the resilience of true faith in the face of brutal oppression.
The Plight of the Oppressed
“Cursed were the companions of the trench[Containing] the fire full of fuel,
When they were sitting near it
And they, to what they were doing against the believers, were witnesses.” (Qur'an 85:4-7)
These verses paint a vivid picture of the horrific persecution faced by believers. The oppressors, arrogantly seated by the fire, not only inflicted suffering but reveled in their cruelty. This imagery highlights the depth of their moral corruption and serves as a warning to all who perpetuate injustice.
The reference to the believers’ steadfastness is significant. Despite facing unimaginable torment, they refused to renounce their faith. Their unwavering commitment underscores the Qur'anic principle that true belief requires patience and perseverance, even in the most trying circumstances.
The Arrogance of the Oppressors
“And they resented them not except because they believed in Allah, the Exalted in Might, the Praiseworthy,To whom belongs the dominion of the heavens and the earth. And Allah, over all things, is Witness.”
(Qur'an 85:8-9)
The only “crime” of the believers was their faith in Allah. This verse serves as a reminder of the ultimate authority of Allah, the Creator and Sustainer of all. It also reassures the oppressed that Allah is aware of their suffering and will hold the oppressors accountable.
The Consequences of Oppression
“Indeed, those who have tortured the believing men and believing women and then have not repented will have the punishment of Hell, and they will have the punishment of the Burning Fire.”(Qur'an 85:10)
This verse offers both a warning and a glimmer of hope. The oppressors are assured of severe consequences unless they repent. This emphasizes Allah’s mercy, even for those who commit grave sins, as long as they turn back to Him sincerely. However, for those who persist in their tyranny, the punishment is both just and severe.
The Reward for Believers
“Indeed, those who have believed and done righteous deeds will have gardens beneath which rivers flow. That is the great attainment.” (Qur'an 85:11)In contrast to the fate of the oppressors, the believers are promised eternal bliss in paradise. This verse highlights the Qur’anic principle that true success lies not in worldly power or wealth but in faith and righteous action.
Lessons from History
“Has there reached you the story of the soldiers –Those of Pharaoh and Thamud?” (Qur'an 85:17-18)
The surah briefly alludes to historical examples of tyrants, such as Pharaoh and the people of Thamud, who were destroyed due to their arrogance and oppression. These stories serve as reminders that no matter how powerful the oppressors may seem, their reign is temporary, and divine justice will prevail.
Allah’s Eternal Power
“But they who disbelieve are in [persistent] denial,While Allah encompasses them from behind.” (Qur'an 85:19-20)
These verses reassure believers that despite the apparent dominance of disbelievers, they are ultimately within Allah’s control. Their denial and arrogance will not go unpunished.
Reflections and Lessons
Surah Al-Buruj offers several profound lessons:- Faith and Perseverance: The story of the “People of the Ditch” exemplifies the strength of true faith. It encourages believers to remain steadfast, even when faced with adversity.
- The Test of Oppression: The surah acknowledges the reality of oppression and assures believers that their struggles are not in vain. Allah is aware of their sacrifices and will reward them abundantly.
- Accountability of Tyrants: The oppressors are reminded that their actions are not beyond Allah’s knowledge. Divine justice is inevitable.
- The Temporary Nature of Power: Historical examples of Pharaoh and Thamud illustrate that no worldly power can stand against Allah’s might.
- Hope and Patience: Believers are reassured that their ultimate reward lies in paradise, a reward that far surpasses any worldly suffering.
